Various buildings on a summer cottage. Country buildings and crafts

16.05.2022

People acquire dachas in different ways - they inherit them, buy plots with a house and remodel or complete them for themselves, or buy land in an almost open field and begin to develop virgin lands. One of our craftsmen, who decided to join country life, was puzzled by just such a process. And since the most effective way to save money is to do it yourself, that’s exactly what he did, starting small - with a summer house in the country “for the first time.”

Country house 6x6 with built-in terrace 4x3:
project;
foundation;
water supply;
box;
internal work.

Country house 6x6 with built-in terrace 4x3

Gonzik1

Last year I purchased a plot of land in a field (like a new holiday village). The poles were installed, electricity was supplied to the site (it took two months to complete the paperwork), a panel was installed on the pole with a meter, a machine and an outlet. This year, having saved up some money, I began construction. I decided to do everything myself, because it’s cheaper and more reliable.

Project country house hand made

The craftsman created the dacha construction project with his own hands over the winter; according to his idea, this is the first module, to which he will later attach another one, combining both parts into a solid structure. By using special program made a drawing that allowed us to accurately calculate required quantity building materials.

Foundation

Since the house is lightweight, using frame technology and on one floor, Gonzik1 gave preference to a columnar foundation made of special concrete blocks (20x20x40 cm). His choice was also influenced by the low level groundwater(UGV) at the dacha and the excellent condition of similar foundations under neighboring buildings. Depending on the level, I used one or two blocks per pillar - removed the fertile layer, added sand cushion, stacked blocks. The plane was maintained using a hydraulic level. According to the craftsman, he appreciated this simple tool - it’s cheap and the measurement accuracy is excellent. The pillars were covered with roofing felt for waterproofing. With the help of relatives, the foundation was ready in three days.

Water supply

There is no place for a central water supply in the field, so the problem of water supply is a personal matter for each summer resident. Our craftsman initially planned to drill a well. Test drilling at thirty-six meters was unsuccessful - dense black clay came out instead of water. The drillers reported that only artesian well about ninety meters, they announced an exorbitant price. Gonzik1 I got upset, imagining the scale of the problem, and decided to dig a well, as the foreseeable future has shown - the decision is the right one. Three days of work, ten rings - a column of water for one and a half rings, restored in an hour and a half.

Box

The strapping is two-layer - at the bottom there is a board 100x50 mm, at the top - 100x40 mm, impregnated with fire and biological protection, the strapping elements were connected to each other with nails (100 and 120 mm). The strapping was laid on top of the roofing felt and secured to the posts with anchors.

All frame posts were also assembled from 100x40 mm boards with nails; the walls were raised directly on site using temporary jibs. They collected only the ridge on the ground, then lifted it onto the roof. This stage took another four days.

The next thing was to install the rafters, wind boards, install the wind protection, and put the counter batten and sheathing on top. Our craftsman chose metal tiles as the roofing covering.

Gonzik1

I read that no matter which side the sheets are laid on, they are often laid from left to right. It turned out, no, the tiles are laid from right to left, otherwise the next sheet will have to be placed under the previous one, which is extremely inconvenient, especially when installing alone. The weather was not very good, it was drizzling, there was wind, it moved along the roof like a cat, trying to cling to the sheathing with its feet. All twelve sheets of tiles (115x350 cm) were laid in half a day.

After the tiles, we got to the grounding, due to which the floor joists were not completely laid. Gonzik1 I used a corner 50x50x4 mm, a connection from a metal strip 40x4 mm, plus a piece of self-supporting insulated wire (SIP).

Next, we covered the entire structure with a protective membrane, installed a door, laid floorboards on the terrace, and began covering the façade with imitation timber. The cash was immediately treated with protective impregnation. During the work, the craftsman made adjustments to the project - he made a third window, so there will be more light, and the view from the window will be attractive.

Interior work

With the end of the holidays, the construction process slowed down as much as possible, since free weekends did not occur every week, but it continued. I finished with the floor - rough on OSB joists, a windproof membrane on top, stone wool slabs between the joists, lathing, and OSB again on it. Linoleum is assumed to be the finishing coating. The house also got another window.

I brought electricity into the house, insulated the perimeter with stone wool, a vapor barrier on top and clapboard as cladding.

The finishing process continued according to the same algorithm; contrasting trim on the window openings added decorative value to the house. All internal walls will be covered with clapboard.

Gonzik1

There are no stoves planned, the house is for seasonal use - spring, summer, autumn. I plan to install electric convectors, I have no problems with electricity there, three phases, new substation, 15 kW per site.

For all those interested, the craftsman posted a calculation of materials (all used boards are 6 meters long):

foundation blocks 200×200×400 mm, 30 pieces;
board 50x100 mm, 8 pieces (for the bottom layer of strapping);
board 40x100 mm, 96 pieces - approximately 8 pieces left;
board 25x10 mm, 128 pieces - approximately 12 pieces left;
timber 100×100 mm, 3 pieces;
rail 25×50 mm, 15 pieces;
imitation timber 18.5×146, 100 pieces – approximately 15 pieces left;
insulation, stone wool 1200×600×100 mm, 28 packages (6 slabs each) – package left;
windproof membrane 1.6 m wide, 60 m² per roll, 3 rolls;
vapor barrier 1.6 m wide, 60 m² per roll, 3 rolls - approximately 0.5 rolls left;
OSB 3 2500×1200×9 mm, 15 pieces (rough and finishing floor) – approximately 1.5 slabs left;
metal tile 350×115 cm, 12 sheets;
lining 12.5x96 cm, 370 pieces (10 packs) - not sure it’s enough, partially used for toilet hemming, and the walls are not finished yet;
wooden windows 1000×1000 mm, 3 pieces;
entrance metal door 2050×900 mm, 1 piece;
protective impregnation for wood, 10 liters - 3 liters left, but the house is covered in only one layer.

Taking into account independent construction and finishing, the estimate turned out to be quite budgetary.

Gonzik1

Foundation - 2500 rubles.
Boards for the frame, wind protection, vapor barrier, imitation timber (exterior finishing), lining ( interior decoration), insulation, etc. - 110,000 rubles.
Metal tiles - 20,000 rubles.
Door - 13,200 rubles.
Windows - 4,200 rubles x 3 = 12,600 rubles.
Forwarding SIP to the house - 3000 rubles (with the cable itself).
Impregnation - 3600 rubles.

I’m still planning to install electrical wiring around the house, I think I’ll spend 8-10 thousand. I don’t give the cost of nails, screws, staples for a stapler, etc., etc., because I no longer remember how much I purchased. Total: about 165,000 rubles.

For another short but fruitful vacation - I finished the electrical work, finished the interior paneling and painting, made a set for the kitchen, completed the terrace. I laid a 100x40 mm board on the terrace, took it unplaned, processed it with an electric planer, and then covered it with impregnation in two layers. Over the past winter, everything was in place, nothing moved, did not dry out or warp. The craftsman has plans to complete the second block, but this test of the pen is excellent - an excellent summer house for a family holiday.

The dacha is an outlet, a favorite hobby for people living in the city. The construction of garden houses is not only a technological process, but also a special ritual for which they carefully prepare.

Project of a finished frame garden house with a veranda

More often than not, a house needs to be placed on a limited area, so compactness, convenience, and a thoughtful approach to all details play a significant role when choosing a project.

Based on an analysis of customer wishes for country houses, designers have developed many standard projects. The line includes inexpensive options just like change houses. , for placement on small, frame, panel buildings.

Project and layout of the first floor and attic of a typical wooden building for a summer cottage

For suburban garden areas with a larger area, cottage projects from 100 to 200 sq. m., including attic type.

But before choosing a project and adapting it to the site, you need to take into account the legal norms for the construction of country houses. Formally, permission to build a garden house in a partnership with the intended use is not required. But if you need to register a building, get an address, that is, transfer it to individual housing construction status, difficulties will arise.

Sample application form for obtaining permission to build a garden building

Construction of a frame and panel house

The high speed of construction and good performance of frame buildings have made them popular.

Their main advantages:

The supporting structure of the frame garden building is made of wood.

Construction sequence

They start by preparing the site. It is leveled, cleared of debris, and plants are uprooted. Then they make a bedding out of sand and crushed stone and compact it.

They install the foundation and lower covering of the house. , roofing felt will do. Install vertical posts, starting from the corners of the building.

They are secured with an upper strap. The structure is reinforced with bevels.

The process of assembling a frame for panel garden housing

Then install it step by step:

The last stage is assembly and.
All wooden elements of the frame structure are made only from dry wood (within 12% humidity).

They are impregnated with agents that prevent the penetration of moisture, antiseptics.

Construction of a house from timber

Somewhat more expensive. Their advantage is that they do not require additional external finishing. Timber is an environmentally friendly material.
There are three types of timber:

The installation diagram and sequence are similar. The installation of the walls is different. Numbered beams are elements of a wooden house constructor. Wall crowns are laid out from them sequentially. They are connected to each other wooden fastenings(dowels). In parallel with the assembly of the outer walls, the inner walls are assembled by inserting partition elements into the grooves of the outer structures.

Scheme for connecting timber using dowels

The pleasure of owning your own suburban area is tripled if there is a country house ik. Indeed, in this case, you can not limit yourself to just seasonal work and cooking barbecue outdoors during the warm season. Today, the construction of dachas is gaining momentum. Moreover, “dacha construction” houses are built from a variety of materials: from stone to timber frames and panels made of chipboard and fiberboard. And in our material we will look at how to build a country house with your own hands and at the same time complete all the work with maximum productivity and economic benefit.

Choosing building material

Construction of dachas is a task no less important than the construction of residential capital house. After all, depending on how well the installation is done (even if it is frame technology) will depend on the durability and strength of the building. Let's look at some types of materials that are most often used for installation. country houses, and we’ll understand what is best to build a temporary shed from at the dacha:

Timber. An excellent material for those who do not know what to build a country house from. Moreover, you can use both the cheapest option - planed lumber, and the more expensive one - profiled or glued. A house made of timber will have an attractive appearance and also create an optimal indoor microclimate.
Brick or any blocks. A house made from such materials will be more solid, but its cost will not be justified if you plan to use the building only seasonally. Although brick (or blocks) have no worse thermal conductivity than timber. Stone dacha construction will be reliable and strong.
Frames and shields. Your own house, built using this technology, is considered the most acceptable option for a budget and seasonal building. And if the house is also additionally insulated, then it will be possible to spend the night in such a building even in winter. Using the example of frame-panel technology, we will analyze how to build a summer house with your own hands. And for clarity, we will attach photos and videos.

A few rules for quality construction

In order to facilitate the construction of a country house without later bringing unpleasant surprises, it is necessary to follow some requirements and recommendations regarding the installation of the house. So, we build a dacha with our own hands, taking into account the following rules/recommendations:

First of all, we are designing a building for a summer house, the construction of which has started. For a seasonal house that will not be used all year round, the optimal parameters are 6x4 m or 6x6 m. Larger cottage will already be a capital construction that will require more investment of funds and effort.
In gardening societies, you can install a house with your own hands only if you step back 3 meters from your neighbor’s fence or from the boundaries of your neighbor’s property.
A house must be built at least 5 meters from the front fence into the plot.
All wooden buildings (including frame ones) should be located at a distance of 15 meters from each other. That is, if a neighbor’s property also wooden house, then you need to remove your building as much as possible for fire safety purposes.

Important: for a country house with your own hands, it is better to choose the highest point on the site. This way, melt and rainwater will not cause trouble for the new dacha we are building. But if the area is very small, and nice house If you want to build, then in this case they give preference to a two-story house with bedrooms located in the upper part. A kitchen and living room are installed on the ground floor.

To simplify the construction process as much as possible, we recommend building a one-story country house with a gable roof and a small veranda. And below is attached step by step instructions performance of work.

Advice: if you have no desire to tinker with construction at all, then a novice master can simply order a ready-made modular house, which is simply assembled on the site using a prepared foundation.

Building a dacha: stages of installation

For those who do not know how to build a summer house, our step-by-step instructions with detailed description all moments. It will start with preparing the foundation. But first, let's get everything ready necessary materials for dacha construction. So, we will need:

Cement and sand with crushed stone;
Steel rods for reinforcement;
Boards or panels for formwork;
Concrete blocks or bricks;
Ruberoid or bitumen mastic;
Expanded clay;
Beam with a section of 100x100 mm;
Metal corners, studs and screws;
Chipboard or fiberboard panels;
Vapor barrier;
Insulation;
Roofing material (ondulin or corrugated sheeting).

So, in the recommendation “where to start building a summer house,” the first point is the installation of the foundation. Under frame house IR is suitable for a lightweight type of basis - columnar. This option for constructing a foundation will not only significantly save your money, but will also serve as a reliable support for the building.

Installation of support pillars begins with marking the ground. According to the project, pigeon holes of 50-70 cm are dug in all corners of the house and at the intersections of walls. It is advisable to expand the cross-section of the holes downwards.
Then the soil in the pits is well compacted and covered with a 10 cm layer of sand. Medium-fraction expanded clay is poured on top. Everything is sealed well.
Now formwork is installed in the pits (possibly permanent) and covered with waterproofing on the bottom and sides.
Also in the pits you need to install 4 steel rods, connected by transverse rods with a pitch of 15 cm.
The finished concrete solution is poured into the pits so that the reinforcement sinks 2-3 cm into the concrete. The poured pillars are left to dry for 3-4 weeks.

Important: strip foundation is installed using the same technology, only in this case it is not necessary to dig holes, but a trench along the perimeter of the dacha house which we are constructing.

Frame installation

As soon as the foundation pillars are dry, you can begin constructing the frame of the house. Namely, its lower platform. This will be the starting point for the walls and roof. Therefore, for the platform you can take a beam of a larger cross-section - 100x150 mm.

Important: when doing work at the dacha with your own hands, do not forget to treat the wood with antiseptics and fire retardants. This will increase the wood's resistance to burning or rotting. It will also repel rodents.

So, along all the foundation pillars without exception, we lay timber frames. We mount it on roofing felt. All elements are securely fastened together. In addition to the strapping, we install floor crossbars - joists. We attach the lower crown of the house with anchors to each pillar.
Now in bottom trim we cut in the supporting vertical beams in increments of 60-70 cm. They can also be secured using metal fasteners and jibs.
Now we assemble the frames for the walls, taking into account the door and window openings.
Following the assembled frame of the dacha, we construct the walls of which we carry out the upper frame of the racks from timber. Here you can use timber with a section of 100x100 mm. And floor beams are attached or embedded onto the installed frame. Thus we have a ready-made box at home.
Next stage in construction country house- covering the frame with chipboard or fiberboard panels. They are mounted on self-tapping screws, fitting tightly to each other.
The floor and ceiling are covered with third grade boards. In the future, the floors can be insulated mineral wool along the joists and sheathed with tongue and groove boards.
And lastly, we lay hydro- and vapor barriers on the cladding of the country house, and insulation between them. Siding can be used as exterior finishing.

Roof of a frame house

Hanging system. Here, the rafters are mounted only on load-bearing walls and no longer have other types of supports. To make the system monolithic, such rafters are secured by tightening.
The rafter system is layered. Arranged if the house has internal partitions, which will serve as additional support. When installing a layered rafter system the load on the load-bearing walls of the house is reduced.
It is better to assemble trusses on the ground, and then lift them to the top frame and install them there. All trusses are fastened together with a ridge beam and fixed to the mauerlat, the role of which is played by the upper beam frame.
A film is laid over the rafter system, making overlapping joints. Then the film is additionally fixed with thin slats, placing them parallel to the rafters. Such a counter-lattice will create an additional ventilation gap for the entire roof.

Important: the overlap width of the film must be at least 20 cm.

Now, perpendicular to the counter-lattice, a finishing sheathing is arranged, on which we will subsequently mount the roofing material. The spacing of the boards/slats is made in accordance with the width of the sheets of roofing material.
Roofing material begins to be laid from the bottom of the roof, moving in rows from right to left or vice versa.
The roof overhangs are covered with plastic or wooden lining. The gable sides of the rafters are also decorated with plastic or wooden lining.

Final finishing of the house

All that remains is to install the windows and doors into the completed house. They are installed on special wooden supports, adjusting and controlling the level of the blocks. All gaps between the frame and frames are foamed with polyurethane foam. After a day, the excess foam is cut off, and the remaining space is sheathed with plasterboard or any other building material for subsequent finishing.

Important: it is best to install doors completely with frame and leaves. In this way, it will be possible to align the load-bearing opening for the block as much as possible.

The interior decoration of the house can be done using plasterboard and then covering it with wallpaper. GCR can also be used for plastering, painting or cladding. And water supplied to the house will make staying in it even more comfortable. It will be pleasant and convenient to be here at any time of the year. A house built using this technology will last for 30 years or more. Now all that remains is to announce to your family and friends about the invitation to a fragrant barbecue.

By the way, if you don’t know how much it costs to build a frame house, then we hasten to inform you that such a building, taking into account the purchase of all materials, will cost about 10 thousand. If you don’t know what to build from and want to make a house from scrap materials that are left on the site, then such a house will cost 1.5 times less.

Once you purchase suburban area, the question of what kind of country houses you can create with your own hands will become relevant for you. This should include not only a house that can be used for temporary or permanent residence, but also a toilet, as well as a carport. For a dacha, it is best to choose compact buildings, because the house should have everything you need for relaxation, but also not take up a large amount of space.

For reference

The optimal material for construction will be wood, while frame technology can be the principle. The size of the building will depend on the area of the site, material capabilities and the number of family members. If you plan the building correctly, the project will be inexpensive, and the use of high-quality materials will make the house cozy and environmentally friendly.

Construction of the foundation

Any home craftsman can easily build them with his own hands from scrap materials. In order to avoid heat losses, a strip foundation should be installed. If there is a terrace, then there is no need to build a foundation underneath it; support pillars will be located there. The walls can be made of laminated veneer lumber, then they will not have much weight.

Because you will visit the house several times during the winter, it is not at all necessary to deepen the foundation to the level of soil freezing. The minimum permissible depth is 60 cm. But in order to prevent freezing inside the foundation contour, insulation should be made of expanded clay there; its height should not be more than 20 cm. The base at this stage is also poured for the stove, its dimensions will be 100x100x80 cm.

The construction may involve the use of a log house, for this you can use glued material, the cross-section of which will be 150x150 mm. Therefore, a sufficient width for the foundation will be 25 cm. Four pillars can be placed under the terrace, deepening them by 60 cm. They should have the same height as the rest of the foundation. The columns should be square, their side will be 25 cm. At the bottom of the trench prepared for the foundation, a sand and crushed stone bedding is placed, the thickness of which should be 20 cm. This part will be a quarter of the volume. A sand cushion will require 1 m 3 of material, while concrete will require 3.5 m 3.

About the quantity of material

When ready-mixed concrete is ordered, no additional calculations no need to carry out. If you mix the solution yourself, then the amount of cement is taken according to the intended brand of concrete. For example, if M-300 grade cement is used, then 1050 kg of cement or 21 bags will be needed. With this quantity, 5 tons of crushed stone and 3 tons of sand will be required. As soon as the foundation is dry, expanded clay is poured inside, but first the surface must be cleared of debris, grass and soil. Thus, insulation should be used in a volume of 4.8 m3.

Laying the log house

Building a country house with your own hands may involve the use of timber, which is laid on a pre-insulated foundation. The log house is pulled together at the corners; for this it is necessary to use the “bowl” technology. The first row is laid taking into account that the logs should extend to columnar foundation terraces. Floor beams are laid at a distance of 40 cm; they must be made of square timber with a side of 150 mm.

The beams for the walls are strengthened together with wooden dowels. For each wall you will need 20 beams, a total of 80 pieces. The timber must be ordered taking into account not to cut it on the site. The distance between them should be 1 m. The top row and corners are protected with a moisture-proof film.

Roof arrangement

Buildings can easily be erected with your own hands. This applies not only to the shed and toilet, but also to the house itself. At the next stage, you can do it along the logs. The elements are mounted in the penultimate row of the log house. The logs are hemmed from below with boards onto which sheets of plywood are fixed. Vapor and waterproofing is installed on top. Polystyrene foam or mineral wool can be used as insulation.

It is best to make the roof gable; for this, rafters are installed, one end of which is located on racks located on the middle beam. The second end should be on the top rows of the log house. The pediment is sewn up with boards, which are cut along the line so that the end result is a triangle. A sheathing is installed along the axes, onto which a vapor barrier membrane is fixed, and roofing material is laid on top. IN in this case This is a metal tile. We should not forget that the roof must be decorated with wind boards and ridge elements.

Construction of a country toilet

DIY construction begins with digging a hole. It can have a round or square shape. If it is planned to install a two-chamber septic tank, then the pit must have an outlet pipe, which is located in the toilet stall. A toilet seat will be installed on it.

The neck of the second chamber must remain outside the room; it is required for pumping out accumulated fecal matter. The size of the pit should be 30 cm larger than the existing capacity, since soil will need to be compacted around the structure. If you will line the walls of the pit with brick or concrete, the pit can be made square or round. As soon as the digging of the hole has been completed, drainage from crushed stone, fragments of bricks and stones is arranged at its bottom. The walls are covered with a metal mesh, which is fixed with steel wire brackets. Concrete mortar is poured onto the walls and left until dry. The total thickness of such a layer should be between 50 and 80 mm. The walls are plastered after drying, but why are they left until completely dry?

The pit is covered with a reinforced concrete slab, which will serve as the foundation for the toilet. If you decide to create country houses with your own hands, it is recommended to consider the photo in advance. From them you can understand that boards that extend beyond the limits by 750 mm should be laid on the pit. They are sunk to the same level as the ground. The boards are treated with an antiseptic; this wooden backing can be replaced with concrete pillars.

There should be two holes on the surface for a toilet seat and a cesspool, which is then covered with a lid. A polyethylene film is spread over the area of the future foundation, and a reinforcement grid is placed on top, which is enclosed in the formwork. At the next stage, you can mix the solution by pouring it onto the site and leveling it, and then leaving it to dry completely. A toilet booth is installed on such a platform. A hatch must be installed on the hole that is intended for pumping.

Construction of a canopy

Increasingly, recently, home craftsmen prefer to create country houses for cars with their own hands. You too can follow their example by creating a place to park your car. Why is the foundation being laid? Ditches are being dug along the perimeter of the site, which will serve as drainage holes after construction is completed. To impart strength to the structure, supports should be installed, the lower part of which is antiseptic.

The next step is to build a frame; this can be done using vertical posts. To ensure a uniform slope of the supports along the entire length, longitudinal beams should be installed, the location of which is checked on the first two racks. The angle of inclination of the longitudinal beams, which fit into the grooves of the upper ends of the supports, should not be more than 3%. Such country houses are equipped with your own hands using a certain technology. It involves laying a rafter system, which is located on supports. The rafters are fixed on longitudinal beams, and the distance between them should be 70 cm.

Roof installation

The frame is covered with lathing, on which the roofing covering is laid. Among the most popular are wood, polycarbonate or corrugated sheets. Such do-it-yourself country houses are most often built using polycarbonate, since it has a low cost, exhibits excellent performance characteristics and is easy to install. You can give the sheet the required size using a hacksaw or power tool.