PUBLIC BUILDINGSAND STRUCTURESSNiP 2.08.02-89*MOSCOW 2000 APPENDIX 3* Mandatory RULES FOR CALCULATING TOTAL, USEFUL AREA, BUILDING VOLUME, BUILDING AREA AND NUMBER OF BUILDINGS 1.* The total area of ​​a public building is determined as the sum of the areas of all floors (including technical, attic, basement and basement). The floor area of ​​buildings should be measured within the internal surfaces of the external walls. The area of ​​mezzanines, passages to other buildings, glazed verandas, galleries and balconies of auditoriums and other halls should be included in total area buildings. The area of ​​multi-light premises should be included in the total area of ​​the building within only one floor. The area of ​​the attic floor is measured within the internal surfaces of the external walls and the attic walls adjacent to the attic cavity. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 4). With sloping external walls, the floor area is measured at floor level. 2. The usable area of ​​a public building is defined as the sum of the areas of all premises located in it, as well as balconies and mezzanines in halls, foyers, etc., with the exception of stairwells, elevator shafts, internal open stairs and ramps. 3*. The estimated area of ​​public buildings is defined as the sum of the areas of all premises located in it, with the exception of corridors, vestibules, passages, staircases, elevator shafts, internal open staircases, as well as premises intended for the placement of engineering equipment and utility networks. The area of ​​corridors used as recreational premises in buildings of educational institutions, and in buildings of hospitals, sanatoriums, rest homes, cinemas, clubs and other institutions intended for relaxation or waiting for those served, is included in the calculated area. The areas of radio centers, switching rooms, utility rooms at stages and stages, cinema equipment rooms, niches with a width of at least 1 and a height of 1.8 m or more (except for niches for engineering purposes), as well as built-in cabinets (except for built-in cabinets for engineering purposes) are included in the calculated building area. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 5). 4*. The area of ​​the underground for ventilation of a building designed for construction on permafrost soils, an attic, a technical underground (technical attic) with a height from the floor to the bottom of protruding structures of less than 1.8 m, as well as loggias, vestibules, external balconies, porticos, porches, external open staircases are not included in the total, usable and estimated area of ​​buildings. 5.* The area of ​​buildings should be determined by their dimensions, measured between the finished surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level (excluding baseboards). The area of ​​the attic floor is taken into account with a reduction factor of 0.7 in the area within the height of the sloping ceiling (wall) at a slope of 30° - up to 1.5 m, at 45° - up to 1.1 m, at 60° or more - up to 0 .5 m. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 4). 6. The construction volume of a building is defined as the sum of the construction volume above the ±0.00 mark (above-ground part) and below this mark (underground part). The construction volume of the above-ground and underground parts of the building is determined within the bounding surfaces with the inclusion of enclosing structures, skylights, domes, etc. , starting from the mark of the clean floor of each part of the building, without taking into account protruding architectural details and structural elements, underground channels, porticoes, terraces, balconies, the volume of passages and the space under the building on supports (clean), as well as ventilated underground areas under the buildings designed for construction on permafrost soils. 7. The building area of ​​a building is defined as the horizontal sectional area along the outer contour of the building at the base level, including protruding parts. The area under the building located on poles, as well as the passages under the building, are included in the building area. 8*. When determining the number of floors of a building, the number of floors includes all above-ground floors, including the technical floor, attic, and also basement floors, if the top of its ceiling is at least 2 m above the average planning level of the ground. Underground for ventilation under buildings designed for construction on permafrost soils, regardless of its height, is not included in the number of above-ground floors. If the number of floors is different in different parts of the building, as well as when the building is placed on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of storeys is determined separately for each part of the building. The technical floor located above the upper floor is not taken into account when determining the number of storeys of a building. 9*. The retail space of a store is defined as the sum of the areas of sales floors, premises for receiving and issuing orders, a cafeteria hall, and areas for additional services to customers.

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSSNiP 2.08.01-89*Moscow 2000 APPENDIX 2 Mandatory RULES FOR CALCULATING THE AREA OF APARTMENTS IN HOUSES AND DORMS, RESIDENTIAL AREA, AREA OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, AREA OF PREMISES, CONSTRUCTION VOLUME, BUILDING AREA AND FLOORS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS 1. The area of ​​apartments should be determined as the sum areas of living rooms and utility rooms excluding loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces and cold storage rooms, vestibules. 2. The total area of ​​apartments should be determined as the sum of the areas of their premises, built-in wardrobes, as well as loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces and cold storage rooms, calculated with the following reduction factors: for loggias - 0.5, for balconies and terraces - 0.3 , for verandas and cold storerooms - 1.0. The area occupied by the stove is not included in the area of ​​the premises. The area under the flight of an apartment staircase, if the height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures is 1.6 m or more, is included in the area of ​​the premises where the staircase is located. 3. The total area of ​​dormitory premises should be determined as the sum of the areas of living rooms, utility rooms, public premises, as well as loggias, balconies and verandas, calculated in accordance with paragraph 2. 4. The total area of ​​apartments in residential buildings should be determined as the sum of the areas of apartments of these buildings, determined in accordance with clause 2; total area of ​​public premises built into residential buildings , is calculated separately according to SNiP 2.08.02-89*. The underground area for ventilation of a building designed for construction on permafrost soils, the attic, the technical underground (technical attic), non-apartment communications, as well as vestibules of staircases, elevator and other shafts, porticoes, porches, external open stairs are not included in the total area of ​​buildings. 5. The area of ​​a residential building should be determined as the sum of the areas of the floors of the building, measured within the internal surfaces of the external walls, as well as the areas of balconies and loggias. The area of ​​staircases, elevators and other shafts is included in the floor area, taking into account their areas at the level of a given floor. The area of ​​attics and utility underground is not included in the area of ​​the building. 6.* The area of ​​residential buildings should be determined by their dimensions, measured between the finished surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level (excluding baseboards). When determining the area of ​​an attic room, the area of ​​this room is taken into account with a sloping ceiling height of 1.5 m at an inclination of 30° to the horizon, 1.1 m at 45, 0.5 m at 60° or more. For intermediate values, the height is determined by interpolation. The area of ​​the room with a lower height should be taken into account in the total area with a coefficient of 0.7, while the minimum wall height should be 1.2 m with a ceiling slope of 30°, 0.8 m with - 45° - 60°, not limited with a slope of 60 ° and more. 7. The construction volume of a residential building is defined as the sum of the construction volume above the ±0.000 mark (above-ground part) and below this mark (underground part). The construction volume of the above-ground and underground parts of the building is determined within the bounding surfaces with the inclusion of enclosing structures, skylights, etc., starting from the level of the finished floor of each part of the building, without taking into account protruding architectural details and structural elements, underground channels, porticoes, terraces, balconies , the volume of passages and space under the building on supports (clean), as well as ventilated underground areas under buildings designed for construction on permafrost soils. 8. The building area of ​​a building is defined as the horizontal sectional area along the outer contour of the building at the base level, including protruding parts. The area under the building located on poles, as well as the passages under the building, are included in the building area. 9. When determining the number of floors of the above-ground part of a building, all above-ground floors are included in the number of floors, including technical, attic and basement, if the top of its floor is at least 2 m above the average planning level of the ground. The underground ventilation space under buildings designed for construction on permafrost soils is not included in the number of above-ground floors. If the number of floors is different in different parts of the building, as well as when the building is placed on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of storeys is determined separately for each part of the building. The technical floor located above the upper floor is not taken into account when determining the number of storeys of a building.

PRODUCTION BUILDINGSSNiP 31-03-2001 4.5 The total area of ​​the building is determined as the sum of the areas of all floors (above ground, including technical, ground and basement), measured within the internal surfaces of the external walls (or the axes of the outer columns, where there are no external walls), tunnels, internal platforms, mezzanines, all internal tiers whatnots, ramps, galleries (horizontal projection) and transitions to other buildings. The total area of ​​the building does not include areas of the technical underground with a height of less than 1.8 m to the bottom of protruding structures (in which passages for servicing communications are not required), above suspended ceilings designed in accordance with 5.2, as well as areas for servicing crane tracks, cranes, conveyors, monorails and lamps. The area of ​​premises occupying two or more floors in height within a multi-story building (two-story and multi-story) should be included in the total area within one floor. When determining the number of storeys of a building, platforms, tiers of shelves and mezzanines are taken into account, the area of ​​which at any level is more than 40% of the floor area of ​​the building.

Rules for determining the area of ​​premises, building area and number of storeys of a building during design

Rules for determining the area of ​​premises, building area and number of floors of a building when designing 1. The area of ​​premises of residential buildings should be determined by their dimensions, measured between the finished surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level (excluding baseboards). The area occupied by a stove, including a stove with a fireplace, which are part of the heating system of the building and are not decorative, is not included in the area of ​​the premises. 2. The area of ​​open spaces (balconies, loggias, terraces) should be determined by their dimensions, measured along the internal contour (between the wall of the building and the fence) of the open space without taking into account the area occupied by the fence. 3. The area of ​​public premises located in a residential building is calculated according to the rules established in the snip 02.08.02. 4. The building area of ​​a building is defined as the horizontal sectional area along the outer contour of the building at the base level, including protruding parts. The area under the building located on supports, as well as the passages under it, are included in the building area. 5. When determining the number of storeys of a building, all above-ground floors are included in the number of above-ground floors, including the technical floor, attic, and also ground floor, if the top of its ceiling is at least 2 m above the average planning level of the ground. The underground under the building, regardless of its height, as well as the interfloor space with a height of less than 1.8 m are not included in the number of above-ground floors. If the number of floors is different in different parts of the building, as well as when the building is placed on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of storeys is determined separately for each part of the building. When determining the number of floors of a building to calculate the number of elevators, the technical floor located above the top floor is not taken into account. Notes 1. The area of ​​the apartment and other technical indicators calculated for the purposes of statistical accounting and technical inventory are determined according to the rules established in the “instructions for accounting of housing stock in the Russian Federation.” 2. The rules for determining the area of ​​a residential building, its number of storeys and construction volume, which are not technical indicators, are transferred to the set of rules for architectural and planning solutions for residential buildings.

The concept of the zero cycle and the underground part of buildings

Most developers, and even contract construction teams, when constructing foundations and drawing up acts, floor plans and other documents, are often confused in terms that define the location of premises below the ground level. Let us explain the most frequently used terms.

Zero cycle- a term used in construction and specialized literature, not provided for by the Building Codes and Rules and other regulatory documents. Indicates the underground part of buildings and structures or preparatory work at a construction site.

What are the differences between a basement (basement) and a basement?

Ground floor- a floor with a floor level below the level of the sidewalk, blind area or planning ground level, but not more than 1/2 the height of the room (Fig. 29, a).

Basement floor (basement)- a floor with a floor level below the level of the sidewalk, blind area or planning level of the ground by more than 1/2 the height of the premises located in it (Fig. 29, b).

Rice. 29. Scheme of the ground and basement floors: a - ground floor; b - basement floor: 1 - floor of the room; 2 - underground ceiling; 3 - foundation wall; 4 - base; 5 - floor of the 1st floor (zero level); h - room height (2.4 m); h1 - height from the floor to the level of the blind area (1.1 m), no more than 1/2 the height of the room; h2 - height from the floor to the blind area 1.5 m, more than 1/2 the height of the room

Base in construction - the lower part of the outer wall of a building or structure lying directly on the foundation ( see fig. 28). The outer (above-ground) surfaces of the plinth are made of durable materials.

It is often believed that the base is the upper part of the foundation, and they are mistaken. The name socle comes from the Italian zoccole, literally a shoe with a wooden sole.

Zero mark. In construction, the zero level (±0.000) is considered to be the level of the finished floor of the first floor. From this mark, all levels of underlying elements and structures are indicated with a (-) minus sign. Some authors of popular literature mistakenly take the ground level, which in construction is called the rough mark, as the zero level.

Appendix D*
(required)

Rules for calculating the total, useful and estimated areas, construction volume, building area and number of floors of a public building

With changes and additions from:

D.1.1* The total area of ​​the building is determined as the sum of the areas of all floors (including technical, attic, ground and basement).

The total area of ​​the building includes the following areas: mezzanines; galleries and balconies of auditoriums and other halls; verandas; external glazed loggias and galleries, as well as transitions to other buildings. The areas of any premises (including technical ones), regardless of the height of the surface above them, are included in the total area.

The area of ​​multi-light premises, as well as the space between flights of stairs more than 1.5 m wide and openings in floors more than 36 m, as well as elevator and other shafts should be included in the total area of ​​the building within only one floor.

In addition, the total area of ​​the building includes the area of ​​open unheated planning elements of the building (including the area of ​​the exploitable roof, open external galleries, open loggias, external vestibules, etc.), the area of ​​which is recorded in a separate line in the total area of ​​the building.

The space filled inside building structures in the basement floors is not included in the total area.

Information about changes:

D.2* The usable area of ​​a building is defined as the sum of the areas of all premises located in it, as well as balconies and mezzanines in halls, foyers, etc., with the exception of staircases, elevator shafts, internal open stairs and ramps and shafts and premises ( spaces) for utilities.

D.3* The estimated area of ​​a building is determined as the sum of the areas of the premises included in it, with the exception of:

corridors, vestibules, passages, staircases, internal open stairs and ramps;

elevator shafts;

premises and spaces intended for placement of engineering equipment and utility networks.

The calculated area does not include the space under an inclined surface below 1.5 m.

D.4* The total usable area of ​​the building does not include: underground areas for ventilation of the building on permafrost soils; attic; technical underground with a height from the floor to the bottom of protruding structures (load-bearing and auxiliary) of less than 1.8 m, as well as external balconies, porticoes, porches, external open stairs and ramps, as well as in the basement floors of the space between building structures, covered with earth.

D.5 The area of ​​the premises of a building is determined by their dimensions, measured between the finished surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level (excluding baseboards). The area of ​​the attic floor is taken into account with a reduction factor of 0.7 in the area within the height of the sloping ceiling (wall) at a slope of 30° - up to 1.5 m, at 45° - up to 1.1 m, at 60° or more - up to 0 .5 m.

D.6* The construction volume of a building is defined as the sum of the construction volume above the 0.00 mark (above-ground part) and below this mark (underground part).

The construction volume of the above-ground and underground parts of the building is determined within the external surfaces of the external walls with the inclusion of enclosing structures, skylights, domes, etc., starting from the level of the finished floor of each part of the building, without taking into account protruding architectural details and structural elements, underground channels, porticoes , terraces, balconies, the volume of passages and space under the building on supports (clean), as well as ventilated underground areas under buildings on permafrost soils and underground channels.

D.7* The building area of ​​a building is defined as the horizontal sectional area along the outer contour of the building along the base, including protruding parts (entrance platforms and steps, verandas, terraces, pits, basement entrances). The area under a building located on pillars, passages under the building, as well as protruding parts of the building that cantilever beyond the plane of the wall at a height of less than 4.5 m are included in the building area. The projection of a part of the building cantilevered beyond the wall above the allocated area above 4.5 m is not included in the building area.

The building area also includes the underground part that extends beyond the outline of the building projection.

D.8* When determining the number of floors, all above-ground floors are taken into account, including the technical floor, attic, and also the basement floor, if the top of its ceiling is at least 2 m above the average planning level of the ground.

Note - Individual technical superstructures on the roof (exits to the roof from staircases: elevator machine rooms facing the roof; ventilation chambers, etc.) are not included in the estimated number of floors.

The underground space under the building, regardless of its height, as well as the interfloor space and technical attic with a height of less than 1.8 m are not included in the number of above-ground floors.

When determining the number of floors, all floors are taken into account, including underground, basement, basement, above-ground, technical, attic and others.

If the number of floors is different in different parts of the building, as well as when the building is placed on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, it is determined separately for each part of the building.

When placing a building on a site with a slope, when it is impossible to determine the floor according to Appendix B*, the determination of the number of storeys should be applied for each floor planning zone separately. To do this, it is necessary to take into account the layout of the given floor and room, the position of the outer wall of the room relative to the blind area and the parameters natural light premises.

When determining the number of floors of a building for structural or other calculations, technical floors are taken into account depending on the features of these calculations established by the relevant regulatory documents.

When calculating the number of elevators, the technical attic located above the top floor is not taken into account. The technical floor, located in the middle part of the building, is taken into account only in the lift height of the elevators.

Sometimes mutual misunderstanding arises between construction participants: the customer, the designer and the direct contractor. People seem to speak different languages. In particular, many terms are interpreted very loosely and not always correctly. Let's talk today about built-up area, gross area and other related concepts to bring clarity to the mentioned terms.

What is the built-up area of ​​a building?

This term refers to the area of ​​the horizontal section of the building, drawn at the level of the base and including all protruding parts. This also includes a ramp with a porch, in contrast to the protruding parts of the roof.

It sounds logical: the territory of the site is occupied by the space allocated for a building, blind area, paths, platforms, and driveways. If, for example, there is a balcony on the second floor, the contour of which extends beyond the outline of the base, it is not included in the building area. An exception would be when such a balcony rests on load-bearing pillars.

The owner of the site on which construction is taking place should have an idea of ​​the permitted building area. As a rule, its size is no more than 30% of the entire territory occupied by the land plot.

Let's go inside

Let's move on to the concept of room area. It is calculated after finishing all the walls with partitions. It is equal to the area calculated at floor level without baseboards.

In the case where the heating system includes a fireplace or stove, their size is “thrown out” from the area of ​​the room. For terraces and balconies, it is considered to be within the internal contour (without fences). Corrections during calculations are made in attic rooms with wall heights of less than 1.8 meters.

The total building area of ​​a residential building is calculated by adding up the areas of all rooms. It takes into account, among other things, loggias, built-in wardrobes, vestibules, verandas, and storage rooms. Thus, it is the total area of ​​​​all residential and ancillary apartment premises.

Living and usable area - what's the difference?

Living space refers to the total area of ​​all living rooms. Which of them should be considered as such is determined by the project. Ceiling height in each residential premises should not be less than 2.2 m, their purpose is permanent residence of people. The dimensions of the dressing room and alcove are added to the living area figure.

Domestic builders and architects understand the usable area as the sum of the areas of all premises, including balconies, mezzanines, etc. It does not include staircases, elevator shafts, open internal stairs and ramps. Abroad, this term is interpreted as “used area”.

Regulatory sources

How is the built-up area determined in domestic norms and regulations? The main regulatory document is SNiP 31-01-2003 “Residential multi-apartment buildings”, the provisions of which also apply to private houses.

What information can we glean from there? In the appendix to this document It is stated that the area of ​​the room in residential buildings is measured by the dimensions between the finished vertical surfaces (that is, walls and partitions) at floor height. A stove or fireplace (unless decorative) is not included here.

For open spaces: loggias, balconies, terraces - the area is measured between the fence and the wall of the building, that is, along the internal contour.

When it comes to the entire building, the building area is calculated as equal to the size of the horizontal section drawn at the height of the base with all protruding parts along the outer contour. It happens that the building is located on supports. In this case, the entire space underneath, including driveways, is included in the building area.

Let's count the floors

How to determine the number of storeys of a building? All floors are considered above-ground, including the attic and technical (in the case when the level of the top of its ceiling is located 2 or more meters above the planning level).

The underground (of any height) and the interfloor space do not apply to above-ground floors if its height is less than 1.8 m.

There are cases when different parts of a building have different numbers of floors. Sometimes a building may be located on a site that has a slope, then on one side the number of them may be large. In this case, the number of floors is calculated separately for each part.

Let's return to the land

According to other rules, parameters are calculated for summer cottages and gardening associations.

If the size of the country house or garden plot does not exceed 0.06-0.12 hectares, then the space occupied by buildings, paths, blind areas, platforms and existing hard surfaces should not occupy more than 30% of its entire territory. As a rule, in individual housing construction data from local regulatory frameworks. Sometimes they may be unavailable or simply not exist.

About loggias, balconies and stairs

In city apartments, if the total built-up area is calculated, reduction factors are used, which are equal to 0.5 for loggias, 0.3 for terraces and balconies. The space that is located in the presence of an internal staircase under its flight is taken into account as part of the entire room, if its height is not lower than 1.6 meters.

How to calculate the area of ​​an entire residential building? The data for each floor should be added up. Let us remind you that measurements are taken between the internal surfaces of external walls. The area of ​​all loggias and balconies is added to them. In addition, at each floor level, the size of the stairwell to be added is calculated. The territory of the underground, which has a utility purpose, as well as the attic, does not belong to the total area of ​​the building.

If you have an attic

When it comes to an attic room, when calculating, you should pay attention to the slope of the ceiling and its height. If the slope is 30 degrees to the horizon, the estimated height is one and a half meters, if 45 degrees - 1.1 meters.

If the angle is inclined from 60 degrees or higher, take into account the space whose ceiling height is from half a meter. In the case of intermediate values, interpolation is resorted to. If the room has a height less than specified, a coefficient of 0.7 is applied. The minimum height of the walls is taken to be 1.2 meters if the slope is 30 degrees and 0.8 meters if the slope is from 45 to 60 degrees. There are no restrictions when the inclination exceeds 60 degrees.

The concept of development coefficient

But let’s return to the concept of the built-up area of ​​a plot of land. Its dimensions, as well as the part that can be allocated for construction, are strictly regulated by law. General recommendations are set out in federal regulations. But, as a rule, local authorities have their own opinion on this issue, and data for the capital and regions can differ greatly.

The development coefficient adopted in the Moscow region is 40%. This is exactly 2 times more than the 20% recommended by the set of federal rules for urban planning and the development of urban land settlements. Local administrations have the right to adjust these figures, but not for the worse.

What is this indicator? Building coefficient land plot is the ratio of the size of the area occupied by buildings to the size of the entire territory. That is, to calculate it, you need to divide the building area by the size of the plot in the same units of measurement.

About building density

There is also the concept of building density coefficient. With its help you can estimate the possible volume of the building. It is equal to the ratio of the total area of ​​all floors (both above-ground and basement) to the size of the site. Moreover, the external dimensions of the building are taken into account.

According to the rules adopted for the Moscow region, the normalization of this coefficient occurs indirectly. The regulations stipulate that houses should have no more than three floors. Thus, this coefficient can be equal to 120% (the development coefficient equal to 40% is multiplied by 3).

Is there more space in the provinces?

In other areas not related to the Moscow region, the recommended density coefficient does not exceed 40%. Norms for the Moscow region also regulate the amounts issued by municipal authorities. land plots. Their value is influenced by the zone where the site is located and the population indicator.

Very often, for a settlement belonging to the Moscow region, this size does not exceed the standard 6 acres. At the federal level, such standards imply more lenient conditions. Which is not surprising - after all, the Moscow region is becoming more and more crowded, land is beginning to be worth its weight in gold. Thus, we see that the regions clearly win in terms of this parameter.

We hope that the information provided in the article was useful to those who are planning an individual housing construction or simply interested in this issue.

The building area is the occupied area of ​​land for the finished building. Its value is determined by the horizontal projection of the object onto the foundation plane. This term is used to refer to the cross-sectional area of ​​the entire house in the horizontal plane.

In this case, a visual section is drawn along the base, taking into account all protruding parts. For example, it is considered that a porch, terrace, veranda, gallery, ramp are included in the building area of ​​the house, but protruding parts of a balcony or roof are not, unless they are supported by load-bearing supporting pillars.

Construction area of ​​a residential building

This value is calculated after completion finishing works. The built-up area of ​​the room includes the floor area (plinths are not taken into account). If there is a stove or fireplace, their dimensions are not included in the footage. To calculate the built-up area of ​​a balcony or terrace, only the internal contours are taken without taking into account the fences.

Many homeowners are interested in how to calculate the total built-up area of ​​a residential building. To do this, you need to sum up the values ​​of all rooms. In addition to residential premises, the calculations also include the areas of the following auxiliary areas:

1. Built-in wardrobes.
2. Loggias.
3. Verandas.
4. Storerooms.
5. Tambours.

There is a distinction between living and useful space. What is the built-up area of ​​living space? This is the total size of all residential premises located in the building. Only rooms with ceilings with a height of at least 2.2 m are subject to registration.

The purpose of such premises is for permanent residence. The usable area is not an area intended for living. This includes auxiliary areas located within a residential building.

To find the total built-up area of ​​a residential building, you need to sum up the dimensions of residential and auxiliary premises.

If the structure is placed on supports, the entire space located under the structure is counted in the footage.

For summer cottages and gardening non-profit partnerships (SNT) with dimensions of 0.06 - 0.12 hectares, the following standards apply: the building area allocated for the construction of houses, as well as the arrangement of paths, platforms and other objects in total should not exceed 30% of the total available building area of ​​the land plot.

Regulatory documents

In order to independently determine the footage of buildings and the area of ​​the building, the homeowner needs to study the current state norms and rules. All requirements are set out in detail in a document called “Building Standards and Rules” (SNiP).

There is also detailed description residential buildings and a list of applications that need to be used in the design and construction of buildings. This document regulates methods for measuring the dimensions of residential and auxiliary premises between walls, ceilings and other partitions.

How to determine the area of ​​open spaces - balconies, loggias, terraces, etc.? To fix their dimensions, measurements are taken along the internal contours between the walls and fences.

Features of calculating the building area of ​​multi-storey buildings

The number of floors of a house also has a certain meaning in calculations. An above-ground floor is considered to be a level with the top of the floors located above two meters. Underground and interfloor spaces below 1.8 meters are not considered above-ground floors.

If a building consists of several parts with different numbers of floors or is located on a sloping area, which necessitates the construction of several floors, all its parts are calculated separately.

Multi-storey apartment buildings also have their own characteristics. The determination of the total area here is made using reduction factors:

• for terraces and balconies - 0.3;
• for a loggia - 0.5.

Multi-level apartments, as a rule, are equipped with inter-apartment staircases. If the height of the march is more than 1.6 meters, its footage must also be taken into account.

The dimensions of a residential building are determined by summing up the data obtained from measurements on each floor. The results of measurements taken on the balconies, loggias and staircases that are part of the house are also added here.

Building density indicator

The density of the built-up area is determined in accordance with the requirements and recommendations building codes and rules in force in domestic legislation. General recommendations are reflected in federal documents.

However, in each region, local rules have also been developed that take into account construction and its features in specific populated areas. The principles and rules of calculation in these regions often differ from each other for legal reasons.

For example, in the Moscow region, where the highest population density is observed, the building density ratio is 40%. These data are twice as high as those recommended by general federal rules, which provide for the development of urban land areas with a coefficient of 20%. Local administrative authorities are allowed to adjust this indicator.

The development coefficient is equal to the ratio of the area occupied by construction projects to the size of the entire land plot. In other words, you need to divide the building area into the total dimensions of the territory.

Using the building density coefficient, suitable design options for new buildings and their number of floors are selected. The most acceptable areas of premises are determined in accordance with the size of land plots.

Features of calculating the building area

To determine the maximum allowable building percentage, it is recommended to contact a professional. Specialists from relevant organizations will examine the site and calculate the optimal ratio of areas designed for construction construction projects and general territory.

Thanks to ready-made architectural projects with designated parameters of all buildings, as well as the presence of a floor plan, it will not be difficult for experienced specialists to calculate the necessary parameters.

If the project is not ready, you will have to invite a team of topographers to conduct a professional topographic survey. With the help special programs, find out the designated area for development.

Rules for calculating the main space-planning parameters of public buildings

Total area a public building is defined as the sum of the areas of all floors (including technical, attic, ground and basement).

The floor area of ​​buildings should be measured within the internal surfaces of the external walls. The area of ​​mezzanines, passages to other buildings, glazed verandas, galleries and balconies of auditoriums and other halls should be included in the total area of ​​the building. The area of ​​multi-light premises should be included in the total area of ​​the building within only one floor. With sloping external walls, the floor area is measured at floor level.

Usable area a public building is defined as the sum of the areas of all premises located in it, as well as balconies and mezzanines in halls, foyers, etc., with the exception of staircases, elevator shafts, internal open stairs and ramps.

Estimated area public buildings are defined as the sum of the areas of all premises located in it, with the exception of corridors, vestibules, passages, staircases, elevator shafts, internal open staircases, as well as premises intended for the placement of engineering equipment and utility networks.

The normalized building area includes:

S corridors used as recreational premises in buildings of educational institutions, buildings of hospitals, sanatoriums, rest homes, cinemas, clubs and other institutions intended for relaxation or waiting,

- S radio units, communication rooms, utility rooms at stages and stages, cinema equipment rooms, niches with a width of at least 1 m, a height of 1.8 m or more (except for niches for engineering purposes), as well as built-in cabinets (except for built-in cabinets for engineering purposes)

The total, useful and estimated area of ​​buildings does not include:

- S underground for building ventilation (construction on permafrost soils),

S attic, technical underground (technical attic) with a height from the floor to the bottom of protruding structures of less than 1.8 m,

S loggias, vestibules, external balconies, porticoes, porches, external open stairs.

The area of ​​building premises should be determined by their dimensions, measured between the finished surfaces of walls and partitions at the level of the finished floor (excluding baseboards). When determining the area of ​​an attic room, the area of ​​this room with a sloping ceiling height of at least 1.6 m is taken into account.

Construction volume a building is defined as the sum of the construction volume above the +0.00 mark (above ground part) and below this mark (underground part). The construction volume of the above-ground and underground parts of the building is determined within the bounding surfaces with the inclusion of enclosing structures, skylights, domes, starting from the level of the finished floor of each part of the building, without taking into account protruding architectural details and structural elements, underground channels, porticoes, terraces, balconies, the volume of passages and space under the building on supports (clean), as well as ventilated underground areas under buildings designed for construction on permafrost soils.

Construction area of a building is defined as the horizontal sectional area along the external perimeter of the building at the base level, including protruding parts. The area under the building located on poles, as well as the passages under the building, are included in the building area.

When determining the number of floors of a building, the number of floors includes all above-ground floors, including the technical, attic, and also the basement floor, if the top of its floor is at least 2 m above the average planning level of the ground.

The underground space for ventilation under buildings designed for construction on permafrost soils is not included in the number of above-ground floors.

If the number of floors is different in different parts of the building, as well as when the building is placed on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of storeys is determined separately for each part of the building.

The technical floor located above the upper floor is not taken into account for a certain number of storeys in the building.

Trade area store is defined as the sum of the areas of sales floors, premises for receiving and issuing orders, a cafeteria hall, and areas for additional customer services.